Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Recognizing signs of obsessive-compulsive disorder and ways to get help
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an often-misunderstood mental health condition. People sometimes use terms like “obsessed” or “obsessive” casually. They may use these words when they double-check that the stove is off or that doors are locked. However, OCD is a serious illness with repeated, unwanted and unpleasant thoughts. People with OCD also may feel the need to do the same things over and over again, even though they don't want to.1
What is OCD?
OCD is defined as a disorder that causes someone to have a pattern of unwanted thoughts, engage in repetitive behaviors or both, making it hard to do everyday activities.2 OCD affects 1–2% of the U.S. population.3
What causes OCD?
The exact causes of OCD are not fully understood. Several factors may raise the likelihood of developing the disorder.2
- Biology: Brain imaging has shown that people with OCD may have differences in parts of the brain. These areas of the brain are related to behavior and emotional responses.
- Childhood trauma: Some studies show a link between childhood trauma and OCD symptoms.
- Genes: Research suggests there may be a family connection to OCD. If a parent or sibling in your family has OCD, you may be more likely to have it too.
What are the common symptoms of OCD?
OCD symptoms may start slowly and can get better or worse over time. OCD can cause unwanted thoughts or obsessions. These thoughts may cause repetitive behaviors or compulsions. Some people with OCD have tics involving repeated movement or sounds.2 It is also common for people with OCD to be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder.
Obsessive symptoms
Obsessions are unwanted, intrusive and repetitive thoughts or urges. Common obsessions may include:2
- Thoughts about harming yourself or others
- Need for symmetry and order
- Thoughts about taboo subjects
- Fear of losing or forgetting something
- Fear of germs
- Fear of being out of control
Compulsive symptoms
Compulsions are things you do again and again. You often do them because you feel a strong need to. Common compulsions may include:2
- Counting
- Repeated cleaning or handwashing
- Keeping items arranged in a particular way
- Rechecking things over and over
- Repetitively speaking to oneself
- Ruminating
How to treat OCD
Most people with OCD get help through certain types of psychotherapy (talk therapy), taking medicine or both.3 A mental health professional can help you decide what is best for you.2
Living with OCD: tips and strategies
Support from a professional is the first step in helping manage OCD. Practicing self-care may also help manage OCD symptoms. Examples include:3
- Eating healthy foods
- Exercising regularly
- Getting enough sleep
- Joining a support group with people who have OCD, either in person or online
- Learning a relaxing hobby, like yoga, meditation or visualization
- Finding time to be with friends and family who understand you
Crisis and emergency care hotlines
Suicide and Crisis Lifeline
Call or text 988
For emotional distress or suicidal thoughts
Emergency services
Call 911
For immediate, life-threatening needs, including medical crisis, fire, crime or natural disasters
Substance Use Helpline
Call 1-855-780-5955 TTY 711
For help with alcohol and drug concerns and care
National Domestic Violence Hotline
Call 1-800-799-SAFE (7233) or text "START" to 88788
For crisis intervention and information for victims of domestic violence and those calling on their behalf
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